The Nile river is the longest river in Africa (about 6700 km), but has a remarkably modest discharge if compared to other major rivers in the world.The threats connected with a growing population and development pressure are calling for more adequate infrastructures and monitoring. This project aims at investigating the possibilities offered the new ESA Sentinel missions for the observation of inland water bodies, focusing on selected water targets in the course of the Nile river. Our evaluations will particularly regard quantitative assessments, such as surface and volume variations, area-level relationships and discharge estimation.